Beginner Witchcraft - UPDATE

Madeleine RENAUD

8 Facts About Nebulae

1. Nebulae are a mixture of the gases hydrogen and helium, as well as dust and plasma.

2. The beautiful pictures of nebulae that the Hubble telescope beams down are actually three different channels of black and white, which are mixed and painted by scientists to produce the vibrant colors we see in magazines and on television. (The layers are painted according to the composition of the different gasses within the specific nebula.)

3. The word nebula means “cloud” in Latin; indeed, nebulae are space. Variously, the meaning has also been given to mean “mist”; it’s fitting, because their varying appearances sometimes do look like a cloud of mist.

4. The galaxy Andromeda was initially believed to be a nebula before Edwin Hubble proved that Andromeda was actually a galaxy all its own in the 1920’s. Before then, it was believed that other galaxies were merely nebulas and that the universe only consisted of the Milky Way.

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It’s hard to imagine the Italian renaissance without Botticelli; the artist responsible for bringing Spring to life and whose frescoes reside beneath Michelangelo’s in the Sistine Chapel. But for over 300 years one of the most celebrated sons of Florence remained largely unknown. It was the Pre-Raphaelites, in their rejection of academic convention in art and attempt to return to a golden age of painting, who resurrected Botticelli to his modern fame. Today The Birth of Venus and Primavera receive over 1.5 million visitors annually at the Uffizi Gallery. 

While Botticelli has achieved a posthumous fame equal to that of Raphael or Michelangelo much of his life remains in obscurity. One detail that can be confirmed is Botticelli originally apprenticed as a goldsmith with his brother, Antonio. The influence from these early years are a defining component in several of Boticelli’s works. Minute details become transformed into items of fantasy and wonder, and the audience is reminded that they are looking at the other worldly. Goddesses are the ones born in a swirl of shimmering flowers and gilded forests, not you or I. Mary was born a mere mortal, but now she is wholly divine. The Virgin is golden haired, radiant, and draped in fabrics spun with gold; unattainable luxury worthy only for the Queen of Heaven. 

(paintings shown: Madonna of the Book, Birth of Venus, Mary with the Child and Singing Angels, Madonna of the Magnificat, Adoration of the Magi)

🌟 space facts !! 🌟

1. Venus spins backward, and we don't know why

2. Saturn is not the only planet with rings, Jupiter, Uranus, Neptune and the Earth have them too.

4. The Earth's rings are made of cosmic waste.

5. Nitrogen is a part of the composition of the stars, and of our dna.

6. Most of the stars we admire at night are actually dead.

7.The space probe Voyager 1 was send into space in 1977 with a special message for our neighbors of outer space. It was a disc that features pictures, sounds of the earth such as whale, a baby crying and greetings in 55 languages.

8. Venus is the brightest planet of our system, she is often mixed up with a star.

9. It's pretty easy to observe some planets such as mars, venus, jupiter, Saturn at night. It only require a clear night some patience + an app such as skywiew (free on appstore !) can be useful too.

10. If we were on the center of a black hole time would speed up so fast we would live the end of the universe.

11. Shooting stars don't exists, they are actually meteors showers.

12. Jupiter has 67 moons, Saturn 62, Uranus 27, Neptune 14, Mars 2 and the Earth 1.

13. Kepler 22 is an exoplanet also called super-earth that could (potentially) be habitable

14. It rains diamonds on Jupiter + Uranus

15. The moon moves 4cm further each year.

16. There used to be water on Mars, because her and the Earth had a similar beginning.

17. There's trace of organic life on Titan (one of saturn's moon).

18. Voyager 1 (launched in 1977) is closed to leave our solar system.

19. There's a vast ocean underneath the ice of Europa (one of Jupiter's moon).

20. Pluto was discovered in 1930 by Clyde Tombaugh, in 2015 the probe new horizon approached pluto with the ashes of Tombaugh inside.

21. Pluto is smaller than the earth's moon.

22. Saturn could float into water.

23. Our cosmic adress is : planet earth, the earth-moon system, the solar system, the milky way galaxy, the local group, the virgo supercluster.

“Drapery Studies”, c. 1545

 By: MICHELANGELO….

Thomas Jefferson illegal smuggled Italian rice from Italy in 1787 to help boost the American economy by shoving it in his pockets. Just imagine Jerfferson walking as casually as possible with pockets full of rice trying not to get arrested.

You’re the immortal dictator of the world, ruling with an iron fist…and bored out of your mind. To spice things up, you start setting up little rebel cells, stoking revolts and keeping records of which group makes it the closest to actually reaching your throne room.

This beautiful, bright, spiral galaxy is Messier 64, often called the Black Eye Galaxy or the Sleeping Beauty Galaxy for its heavy-lidded appearance in telescopic views. M64 is about 17 million light-years distant in the otherwise well-groomed northern constellation Coma Berenices. In fact, the Red Eye Galaxy might also be an appropriate moniker in this colorful composition of narrow and wideband images. The enormous dust clouds obscuring the near-side of M64’s central region are laced with the telltale reddish glow of hydrogen associated with star forming regions. But they are not this galaxy’s only peculiar feature. Observations show that M64 is actually composed of two concentric, counter-rotating systems. While all the stars in M64 rotate in the same direction as the interstellar gas in the galaxy’s central region, gas in the outer regions, extending to about 40,000 light-years, rotates in the opposite direction. The dusty eye and bizarre rotation is likely the result of a billion year old merger of two different galaxies.

Credit: NASA, Hubble Heritage Team