Theblogofwildfellhall

Well, Christmas has certainly come early here in Minnesota

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Music Tag

I’m a little late! I was tagged by @cactii-studies. ​Thanks for tagging me!

rules: put your 🎶 library on shuffle, list the first 10 songs and tag people 

Those Days by Lindsey Stirling  

Take Flight by Lindsey Stirling 

Valse Sentimale by Tchaikovsky 

Breathe Today by Flyleaf 

Am I Supposed to Apologize by Maria Mena

Good Feeling by Flo Rida 

Good for you by Selena Gomez 

Prism by Lindsey Stirling 

Bloody Mary by Lady Gaga

Believer by Imagine Dragons 

I'm surprised Lindsey Stirling didn't show up more, tbh.

I tag no one.

french linking words 🌿

Ainsi – Thus, In This/That Manner

La fée transforma ses jambes en queue de poisson, et ainsi, la princesse devint une sirène. The fairy transformed her legs into a fish tale, and thus, the princess became a mermaid.

C’est Ainsi Que – It’s This Way

Elle a travaillé dur pendant dix ans. C’est ainsi qu’elle a gagné la compétition. She worked hard for 10 years. She won the competition that way.

Alors – Then, So, Hence

Jean Noël ne pouvait pas supporter le bruit dans le club, alors il est sorti. JN couldn’t bear the noise in the club, so he went out.

Alors Que – While, Whereas, When

Alors que Sophie aime le jazz, Marie déteste ça. Whereas Sophie loves jazz, Mary hates it.

Aussitôt Que –As Soon As

Aussitôt que la chatte s’est endormie, les souris se sont montrées.

As soon as the cat fell asleep, the mice showed themselves.

D’autant Plus – All The More

Il partageait sa passion de la danse. Elle l’aimait d’autant plus. He shared her passion for dance. She loved him all the more.

D’autant Plus Que – Even More So Since

Je suis vraiment déçue. D’autant plus que je lui avais dit de venir chez nous. I am really disappointed. Even more so since I told him to come to our house.

Bien Que – Even Though (*Followed By The Subjunctive)

Elle l’a fait, bien qu’elle n’en ait pas eu envie. she did it even though she didn’t feel like it.

Si Bien Que – Hence

Ils parlaient à demi-voix si bien qu’elle ne pouvait pas les entendre. They spoke softly, hence she couldn’t hear them.

Cependant – Nevertheless, Meanwhile, However

Je ne suis pas de son avis. Cependant je le suivrai. I don’t share his opinion. Nevertheless I will follow it.

Dès – Since, From

Dès ce moment, il a refusé de parler d’elle. From that moment, he refused to talk about her.

Dès Que – As Soon As

Je te téléphonerai dès qu’elle arrivera. I’ll call you as soon as she gets here.

En Tant Que – As (A)

En tant qu’ingénieur, elle est très précise. As an Engineer, she is very precise.

Lorsque – When

Ils ont cueilli les cerises lorsqu’elles étaient mûres. They picked the cherries when they were ripe.

Malgré – Despite

Malgré son effort, cela n’a pas suffi. Despite her efforts, it wasn’t enough.

Même Si – Even If

Il ira même si elle n’y va pas. He’ll go even if she doesn’t.

À Moins Que – Unless (*Followed By The Subjunctive)

Vous ne pourrez pas voir la directrice à moins que vous ayez un rendez-vous. You will not be able to see the director unless you have an appointment.

Néanmoins – However, Nevertheless, Nonetheless

Elle avait peu d’argent néanmoins elle lui a tout donné. She had little money, but she gave all to him nonetheless.

Pendant Que – While, As

Marc étudie la chimie pendant qu’il écoute la radio. Marc studies chemistry while he is listening to the radio.

Pour Que – So That (*Followed By The Subjunctive)

Il a couru pour qu’elle ne l’attende pas trop longtemps. He ran so that she wouldn’t wait for him too long.

Pourtant – Although, Still, Nevertheless

La femme a plus de quarante ans, mais c’est pourtant une beauté. The woman is over forty, but she is nevertheless a beauty.

Puisque – Since, Because, As, Seeing That, For That Reason

Puisque sa maman ne voulait pas jouer au Monopoly, le petit garçon est sorti jouer dehors. Since his mother didn’t want to play Monopoly, the boy went to play outside.

Quand Même – Even Though, All The Same, Nevertheless

Ce n’est pas lui qui chantait le mieux, mais il a gagné la compétition quand même. He wasn’t the best singer, but he won the contest all the same.

Quant À – As For

Quant à lui, il préfère ne pas discuter de ce sujet dangereux. As for him, he’d rather not talk about this dangerous topic.

Quoique – Though, Although (*Followed By The Subjunctive)

Quoiqu’elle ne sourie pas beaucoup, en réalité elle est très contente. Although she doesn’t smile much, in fact she is really happy.

Quoi Que – Whatever, No Matter What (*Followed By The Subjunctive)

Quoi qu’il dise, elle ne le croit pas. Whatever he might say, she won’t believe him.

Sinon – Except, If Not, Otherwise, Except That, Unless

Ne sors pas sans manteau, sinon tu vas attrapper froid. Don’t go out without a jacket, otherwise you’ll catch a cold.

Tandis Que – Whereas, While

Il préfère aller à la plage pour les vacances, tandis qu’elle préfère aller à la montagne. He likes to go to the beach for vacations, whereas she prefers the mountains.

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Le Passé Composé - Masterpost

The passé composé is the most commonly used past tense in French.

It is formed using the following formula:

subject + avoir or être (conjugated in the present tense) + past participle

Conjugating avoir and être 

In the present tense, avoir (to have) is conjugated as follows:

je - ai ¹          | nous - avons

tu - as           | vous - avez

il/elle/on - a   | ils/elles - ont ²

In the present tense, être (to be) is conjugated as follows:

je - suis           | nous - sommes

tu - es              | vous - êtes

il/elle/on - est  | ils/elles - sont  

Forming the past participle

For regular -er verbs, drop -er and add -é (parler → parlé)

For regular -re verbs, drop -re and add -u (vendre  → vendu)

For regular -ir verbs , drop -ir and add -i (finir → fini)

Forms of past participles:

Nearly all past participles use the following endings to indicate gender and number:

              __Masculine__|__Feminine____

Singular |     é / u / i       |      ée / ue / ie

Plural     |   és / us / is    |   ées / ues / ies

Common irregular past participles:

être (to be) → été

faire (to do, make) → fait ³

offrir (to offer)  → offert ³

ouvrir (to open)  → ouvert ³

naître (to be born)  → né

mourir (to die)  → mort ³

avoir (to have) → eu

boire (to drink) → bu

connaître (to know) → connu

coire (to believe) → cru

devoir (must; to owe) → dû

lire (to read) → lu

pleuvoir (to rain) → plu

pouvoir (can; to be able to)  → pu

recevoir (to receive) → reçu

savoir (to know) → su

voir (to see) → vu

vouloir (to want) → voulu

venir (to come) → venu

mettre (to place)  → mis ³

prendre (to take) → pris ³

conduire (to drive) → conduit ³

dire (to say)→ dit ³

écrire (to write)  → écrit ³

asseoir (to sit down) → assis ³

Irregular verbs formed from other irregular verbs use the same base for their past participles: 

mettre → mis; permettre (to permit, allow) → permis

ouvrir → ouvert; couvrir (to cover) → couvert

When to use avoir or être

The majority of French verbs use avoir in the passé composé. Default to avoir, barring the following exceptions:

The following verbs usually use être as its auxilary verb ⁴ in the passé composé. They often have to do motion, but not all verbs of motion use être . They therefore must be memorized. 

aller - to go

arriver - to arrive

descendre ⁵   - to descend / go downstairs

entrer ⁵  - to enter

monter ⁵ - to climb

mourir - to die

naître ⁵   - to be born

partir ⁵ - to leave

passer - to pass

rester - to stay

retourner - to return

sortir ⁵ - to go out

tomber ⁵  - to fall

venir ⁶ - to come

All pronominal verbs, without exception, use être in the passé composé. 

Agreement in the passé composé

Agreement with avoir

The past participle normally agrees in gender and number with the direct object (or direct object pronoun) if it precedes the verb, barring the exceptions that follow.

J’ai lu les lettres. (I read the letters.)

Je les ai lues. (I read them.)

J’ai ouvert les lettres. (I opened the letters.)

Les lettres qui j’ai ouvertes sont lá-bas. (The letters that I opened are over there.) 

Exceptionally, the past participle does not have to agree with the direct object in causative constructions or with certain constructions with verbs of perception ⁷.

Je les a fait lire les lettres. (I made them read the letters.)

Les lettres que j’ai vu écrire. (I saw the letters get written.)

Agreement with être

The past participle must always agree with the subject with non-pronominal verbs that use être. 

Elle est allée à la poste pour déposer les lettres. (She went to the post office to drop off the letters.)

Vous êtes parties de la poste avec les lettres. (You (f.pl.) left the post office with the letters.)

The past participle must agree with the reflexive pronoun of pronominal verbs when the reflexive pronoun is the direct object. It does not agree with the indirect object.

Elle s’est asisse à son bureau quand elle lisait la lettre. (She sat herself down at her desk when she was reading the letter.

Nous nous sommes envoyés des lettres. (We sent each other letters.) 

Negating in the passé composé

Add the standard ne… pas construction around avoir or être, excluding the subject and past participle. Include objective and adverbial pronouns that precede the auxiliary verb ⁸. When using inversion, include the subject and the verb between the negative constructions. 

Je n’ai pas écrit ces lettres (I did not write those letters.)

Je ne les ai pas écrits ces lettres. (I did not write them.)

Je ne suis pas allé à la poste pour déposer les lettres. (I did not go to the post office to drop off the letters.)

Je n’y suis pas allé. (I did not go there.)

N’êtes-vous pas retournés de la poste ? (Did you return from the post office?)

Questioning in the passé composé

Questions are formed in the passé composé using the inversion or est-ce que constructions.

Avez-vous déja écrit les lettres ? (Do you write the letters yet?)

Est-ce qu’ils sont allés à la poste ? (Did they go to the post office?)

Pourquoi n’avez-vous pas envoyé les lettres ? (Why did you not send the letters?)

Questions can be asked informally using standard SVO word order with a question tone at the end of the sentence.

Tu as déja envoyé les lettres ? (You sent the letters already?)

Translating the passé composé

The passé composé can be translated as [verb + ed], [to have + past participle] or [did / do + verb].

J’ai écrit les lettres. (I wrote / have written / did write the letters.)

¹ je and ai are elided as j’ai.

² Be sure to liaise the s and o to distinguish it from sont, the third person plural form of être.

³ These verbs use irregular past participle forms to indicate gender and number:

Fait, ouvert, offert, conduit, écrit, dit, and mort use the following:

_______|__Masculine__|__Feminine__

Singular |         ∅         |         e

Plural    |          s          |         es

Mis, pris, and assis use the following:

_______|__Masculine__|__Feminine__

Singular |         ∅         |         e

Plural    |         ∅          |        es

⁴ when used intransitively. When they take a direct object, they use avoir instead. 

⁵ These verbs can add re- to make verbs that indicate that the action was repeated; these derivatives use être as well. 

⁶ venir has the following derivatives: devenir (to become), parvenir (to reach, achieve), and revenir (to come again, come back); these use être as well. 

⁷ The six verbs of perception are apercevoir (to catch a glimpse of), écouter (to listen) entendre (to hear), regarder (to watch), sentir (to feel), and voir (to see); the past participle never agrees with the direct object of the infinitive; the past participle agrees with the subject of the infinitive when it precedes the verb.

⁸ Objective and adverbial pronouns precede the auxiliary verb and succeed the subject. 

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IT WAS AMAZING

LINDSEY STIRLING TIME

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