Deadvlei, the dead marsh It is amazing the effect water can have in bringing life, and then taking it from an area. Deadvlei is a white clay pan in Namibia near the Tsauchab River. During an especially heavy period of rain, the river flooded leading to a shallow surface layer of water forming over the clay pan. This water allowed Camel Thorn trees to grow and then mature. However, during a drought the water dried up, and sand dunes around the edge of the clay pan blocked the river’s flood path into the area. This drought lead to the trees dying, approximately 700 years ago. Despite the death of the trees, the skeletons remain and despite being blackened by the sun, appear structurally as they would have when they died. This lack of decomposition has occurred, again, due to lack of water as the trees cannot decompose without it. ~SA Image credit: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Deadvlei_trees_dunes.JPG
Fluorite - Schacht 78 Mine, Frohnau, Annaberg, Saxony, Germany
Stomata as a Proxy for Atmospheric CO2 Levels
These strange, mouth-like structures are called stomata. Stomata are specialized pore structures found on plant leaves that permit the exchange of gases such as CO2, O2 and H2O, between the inside and outside of the leaf. They do so through the opening and closing of stomatal guard cells.
Plants convert visible light into sugars via the process of photosynthesis, which uses CO2 as a reactant. Along with light availability and temperature, CO2 is a limiting reactant of photosynthesis which means that the quantity of this compound controls the number of reactions that can take place.
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Portraits of Kilauea Volcano by Jules Tavernier (1844-1889)
Tavernier was a French painter who was fascinated by Hawaii’s awe-inspiring fiery volcanoes. To reach Kilauea in the 1800s, one would have to make a difficult 3 day journey by horseback. Despite this, Tavernier called the place “an artist’s paradise.”
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