DRIVE YOUR PLOW OVER THE BONES OF THE DEAD By OLGA TOKARCZUK (REVIEW)

can you tell that it’s spooky season reading list:

A FAMILY OF KILLERS by BRYCE MOORE SURVIVE THE NIGHT by RILEY SAGER EYNHALLOW by TIM McGREGOR (not pictured) THESE SILENT WOODS by KIMI CUNNINGHAM GRANT YOU LIKE IT DARKER by STEPHEN KING

BELOVED by TONI MORRISON (REVIEW)

quickly: a self-emancipated woman is tormented by her past long after she’s made it to freedom (an ex-slave who has slavery living inside of her / children born in the shadow of trauma / a grandmother who can smell the future on the wind / jealous daughters who speak their minds / a house haunted by the dead / stolen milk and blessed berries / blood magic / the deep dark evil of slavery)

what a wild, lush, furious nightmare of a story. this is the story of Sethe, how she escaped slavery, and how she ended up in a house haunted by the ghost of a dead child. this is truly a southern gothic horror tale in every sense. there are psychological and physical traumas, some obtained from slavery and its perpetrators, some obtained from attempts at resisting slavery. there is magic, not the stereotypical “voodoo/hoodoo”, but something older, darker, and less defined. there’s injustice, southern lands, hard times, etc. at first, toni’s writing is like a dense forest, but once you find your footpath, the journey will carry you forward. 

★ ★ ★ ★ ★

more thoughts: SPOILERS!

Some personal context… I’ve been on the hunt for truly thrilling stories that take my breath away and Toni Morrison’s work did more than that. This read was preceded by “The Haunting of Hill House” by Shirley Jackson. I chose it based on it being a classic of gothic horror, a sub-genre I love. I was disappointed by its lack of thrill, passion, or anything, other than Eleanor’s unraveling. 

Enter Toni Morrison. This is my first read by the late and great author, and it couldn’t have been any more perfect of an introduction for me. I’ll never hear “southern gothic” without thinking of BELOVED, which should be the staple of the genre (sorry, not sorry, Shirley J.). Rarely have I heard this work referred to as such. (If I had, I probably would’ve read it earlier.) I almost feel ‘honored’ to have read this book, though I’m not sure why. Maybe something to do with this incredible black writer penning a story so beautifully terrifying that people forget to call it ‘horror’. Maybe because she met and exceeded what I expected, exceeded what popular culture has had me to expect, and embodied that uniqueness that comes with being called Great.

We begin in a mess of spite and timelines. A blurred view of the world, and everyone in it. From 124, the home at the center of the story, we meet Sethe and the rest of her family who are, and are not there. We are given a brief survey of all that has occurred or been endured, from people running away to a haunting being born from the death of a child. Then, Paul D, a man she hasn’t seen in years, has found his way to her.

Time is layered in this story… at times in the present, at times in the past, sometimes glimpsing the future. Morrison moves through lives and their perspectives in a God-like fashion, without warning, but with the knowledge of all things that have occurred or will come. The way she gives details and expounds on storylines can be unsettling, at first, like coming into a dense and thick forest. Without some studying of what lies before you, it can be easy to get lost. She is a writer who gives glimpses of things before unveiling a fuller truth that towers and shadows and swallows. Sometimes these glimpses of the plot can seem like you missed something, but, artfully, the revelations in future pages have a way of connecting past pages, to form a continuous story.

From behind the eyes of Sethe, her daughter Denver, and Paul D (Sethes old friend and new lover), we come to know the history of Sweet Home (the plantation the family is from) and the history of the people who left it. Through their memories and inner reflections, they relay all we need to know about who they are and why. 

In short, they belonged to “good” white people, but things changed when their owner died and others came in to rule over them. Going from being treated like dogs, to being treated like less than that, prompted them to head to freedom. Most of the core trauma of this story is sourced in that transitional period between their old master passing away and them becoming their own masters out of desperation and survival.

Throughout this story, poetically, are piercing observations, questions, and philosophical dilemmas about slavery and the white supremacy and capitalism supporting it. Toni illustrates quite sharply how monstrous this process of dehumanization is, and how profoundly evil these acts of violence were. So evil in fact, it seemed to spread throughout the entire white race, able to make itself disappear and become known at any time, even in the most “good” of whites. It is an evil so big it seems impossible to have existed (and still exist). Like its appearance should have ended the world, like some demonic apocalyptic revelation from The Bible. (A Bible that has not served the slaves well, and Toni captures this black theological resentment perfectly.)

One of the most disheartening moments is when Grandma Suggs, renowned backwoods high priestess, forgoes her ‘gift’ of preaching. After living a tormented life and finally making it to a place where she is hers, she was collapsed by the intrusion of white men into her seemingly sanctified space. Their privileged appearance and sudden disruption cause Grandma Suggs to question all of existence, finally realizing, that there is no promised land. There are no sacred spaces for them. Maybe no God for them either. She forgoes preaching and spends the rest of what little time she has, thinking about colors. Something she never had time to do as a slave. When asked if she was “punishing God” by not preaching his word, she responds, “Not like He punish me”. 

Sethe is troubled by the child that she killed, a child that has haunted 124 since she died. Paul D is able to rid the house of the spirit, but that only leads to it manifesting in physical form… a girl named Beloved. She appears out of the river one day, sick and dying, and Sethe nurses her back to life. After gaining strength, Beloved proceeds to wreak havoc on relationships and resources. It takes Denver, Sethe’s daughter, to gather the community to rid the house of Beloved, the beautiful demon born of crimes against the flesh. 

That is the story. And I am reducing it to fumes for the point of this commentary, but it is such a rich reading I’m not really spoiling anything. This brief summarization and my recounting of a fraction of my reflections is pale compared to the full color of Morrison’s masterpiece. 

Also, I must say, the Everyman’s Library binding is BEAUTIFUL and comes with useful chronologies and a short biography of the author—and it is well bound! So much better than the penguin hardcovers I see in the library sometimes, which are often too tightly sewn. Just a random note. 

And again, I am HONORED to have read such a masterful work of horror and to have experienced this world built by Toni Morrison’s words. There’s an Everyman’s Library hardcover Song of Solomon, so maybe I’ll read that soon.

THE VANISHING HALF by BRIT BENNETT (REVIEW)

quickly: a set of twins go missing from their small town, one returns, one does not (sister vs. sister and mother vs. daughter / displaced people finding placement / people that drink sweet tea / towns so small they disappear on maps / racist homeowner's associations / the weight and lineage of skin color / taking risks and making changes).

twin sisters grow tired of their life in small town Louisianna, and go looking for their future in New Orleans. tragedy has bonded them into a single being, but after leaving home, one story becomes split between two different lives. moving through the 60’s 70’s and 80’s, we see the lives of three generations of women, though the story is anchored by the twins. one twin passes for white, opening the world up beyond her wildest dreams (and nightmares). the other twin falls in love with a man darker than her, in skin tone and in spirit, coincidentally, and the world seems to close shut around her. time conspires with lineage, and eventually reveals the consequences of each of their decisions. 

★ ★ ★ ★

more thoughts: SPOILERS!

Some personal thoughts… I picked this book for a friend’s summer booklist. (It was full of non-fiction, which is cool, but fiction has been allowing me to wrap my mind around things in a different way.) We watched the Netflix film Passing a few years ago, so I thought this book would be an interesting conversation extender; looking at the same topic from a different angle and a different medium.

I picked the book up to preview the first chapter. (We weren’t scheduled to read this together for a few weeks.) Before I knew it, I was swept into the story. I finished it in two days. 

We open in the far past, a single mother is raising a set of twins in a small Louisianna town, Mallard, which is occupied by light-skinned black people. It was founded by a light-skinned man who had some lofty idea for a town of people who weren’t white but were better than the other blacks. His great-great-great granddaughters, the twins, Desiree and Stella, would soon arrive to the world and embody this colorist struggle.

After the twins witness the lynching of their father, sealing them in a bond of shared trauma, their mother begins to depend on them to help earn money for the family. As soon as they are old enough, they are taken out of school and sent to work in the home of a wealthy white couple. This dashes the dreams of both twins, who dread ending up like their mother. While under employ by the wealthy couple, they are overworked and one of the twins is sexually abused. It is then that they make plans to run away to New Orleans.

In New Orleans, new circumstances give each of the twins new opportunities to ‘unlock’ new aspects of themselves. After passing for white to get a new job, Stella becomes swept with the chance to live a life of ease and acceptance. She is a young secretary for an older boss, and soon becomes his wife, and mother of his ‘white child’. They live in Los Angeles. Her personality is a shell, but she has all the material things she could need. Including her morning cocktails in the backyard pool. 

Meanwhile, Desiree is working for the FBI in D.C., married to a man who hits her whenever the wind blows. After one too many beatings, Desiree decides to run away home to Mallard with her dark-skinned daughter. The flat circle of time begins to curl back towards the beginning. Fast forward past the bounty hunter her husband sends after her, said bounty hunter falling in love with her, her daughter Jude growing up alienated in a ‘light-skins only’ town, and Jude receiving a scholarship and moving to go to a school in Los Angeles.

It is in Los Angeles that Jude finds love, an affirmation after years of being deemed socially ‘ugly’. By chance, she also finds her long-lost cousin, Stella’s daughter, Kennedy. We learn that Kennedy grew up with a hollow mother who never revealed anything significant about herself. A mother who fought to keep a black family out of the neighborhood, but then secretly befriends them. A mother who introduced her to the ’n-word’, and then slapped her for using it. A mother who couldn’t be truthful if she tried… living in a completely different reality that she won’t allow to be deconstructed. 

Conflicts arise between Jude and Kennedy, as she tries to get Kennedy to see who her mother really is. Conflicts arise between Stella and Desiree, miles away, as Stella believes Desiree can keep Jude from shattering Stella’s reality. Conflicts arise within each of the characters, trying to understand the motives of every other person and the world they’ve built around themselves. 

The climax and the resolution walk each other to the last pages. After one final reunion, each of the twin sisters makes peace with the decisions they have made. Somehow, we end with Jude and her boyfriend swimming naked in a river. A metaphor for living in your truth?

A fantastic world. It’s always nice to take a trip down South. A full four stars. If this were a wine, I would say I’d like for it to have a little more body, a little more time to let the bottle age in a dark basement. Yet, I am in love with the author’s tone and voice, and can’t wait to see what else she puts to print.

THROUGH THE NIGHT LIKE A SNAKE by VARIOUS AUTHORS (REVIEW)

quickly: a collection of dark and surreal tales from the twistedly creative minds of a handful of latin american writers (carved bone animals portend a family annihilation / serial killer fan clubs / leaked sextape leads to loss / mirage in the mountain mist / parasitic hauntings / alien thoughts / a living man’s dying flesh / giant rabbits / giant vultures / compassion at a price).

A decent collection of stories. My favorites were THAT SUMMER IN THE DARK by MARIANA ENRIQUEZ, author of OUR SHARE OF NIGHT (two serial killer-obsessed girlfriends are stunned when one of their neighbors kills his family), SOROCHE by MÓNICA OJEDA (a woman struggles with crippling shame after her husband leaks their extremely explicit sex tape), and THE HOUSE OF COMPASSION by CAMILA SOSA VILLADA (a gender-defying sex worker becomes entangled with a convent of nuns with a secret). I’d liked to have liked more of them.

★ ★ ★ 

THE BOOKS OF JACOB by OLGA TOKARCZUK (REVIEW)

quickly: it’s a jewish cult in 1700’s poland (an astral traveling matriarch accidentally floating above all of existence / a man who prides himself on being no one and knowing nothing, a simpleton, yet attracts followers from all over / prophetesses who see prophecies fulfilled / sects that are cults that are sects that are cults / a security detail made entirely of women).

this book is as long as life, and just as monotonous, which is what makes it all the more enriching. it is truly a world and a time, encapsulated in 961 pages. it is a true story, with a thin glaze of magical realism drizzled on top. it reads like the bible (or should i say the Torah), slow, dry, and impactful. it is crowded, like a city street during lunch hour, but if you follow Yente and Jacob through the story, you’ll never get lost. 

★ ★ ★ ★ ★

more thoughts: SPOILERS!

Some personal context… this is the first Big Book I’ve read since reading Infinite Jest back in like 2015. I’ve read a handful of books randomly from 2016-2022, going years sometimes without reading a full book. I was gifted a set of Goosebumps books by a friend last Christmas and the nostalgia inspired me to get reading again. 

I went from Goosebumps to Fear Street to some brilliant new fiction (Sacrificio by Ernesto Mestre-Reed, The Boatman’s Daughter and The Hollow Kind by Andy Davidson). THE BOOKS OF JACOB is the longest book I’ve read in years, and it was almost nothing I thought it would be. After the delicious but “short” novels I’d been reading lately, I was craving the truly immersive feeling of that could only be captured in a 900+ page book. 

The synopsis excited me immediately: JEWISH CULT IN 1700s POLAND! BASED ON A TRUE STORY!

Now by no means do I have any serious education of Jewish culture. I’ve watched movies, read some books, but I am not versed. However, with the level and detail of writing that Tokarczuk achieves in this work (much of it based on fact), it made real some of the things that only existed in my mind as fragments of information. 

The entire story is broken up into books, books are broken up into chapters, and chapters each have their own subsections. Most of these subsections are prose, some are letters, and others are ‘scraps’ or behind-the-scenes moments captured by Nahmen, Jacob’s most faithful follower. 

THE BOOK OF FOG, is the opener. It sets the scene and introduces you to a network of characters that Jacob will soon be at the center of. 

THE BOOK OF SAND, sees families start to form, and Yente turns into a goddess of the air as she astral travels through time and space. Jacob is introduced and we see his travels (culturally and geographically). His followers witness ‘the great spirit’ descending into him, causing his entire body to shed. This book is filled with miraculous stories and acts.

THE BOOK OF THE ROAD, sees Jacob leading his followers into a new land, and initiating some of his followers by secret rituals. Their practices make them enemies of local Jews and they are soon pursued by The State. Jews issue curses against them, and Jacob sends curses back. 

THE BOOK OF THE COMET, sees a comet that appears, with many seeing it as an auger of end times. More rituals. The Shekinah, feminine goddess, is witnessed descending into a gold statue, plague erupts, and Jacob and his followers are held for questioning in regards to their religious practices, eventually banishing him to prison in a monastery. This is where Jacob starts to fray.

THE BOOK OF METAL AND SULFER (my personal favorite for some reason?), sees Jacob sent to prison, yet his followers still cling to him, setting up a village around him. They all wait for the Shekinah to appear from a painting in the church monastery where he is being held. Jacob is ill, a lot, getting older and losing his glow. He is not himself sometimes. Eventually, war breaks out, giving Jacob an opportunity to negotiate his freedom. 

THE BOOK OF THE DISTANT COUNTRY, Jacob once again enters a new land, lord of a castle now, where he lives on the lower floors as an old ailing man. The toll of prison manifests in his body. His practices alarm some and enamor others. This book sees the death of Jacob. 

THE BOOK OF NAMES, is almost a denouement, biblical style, rife with anecdotes of the deaths of Jacob’s closest followers, and some of their children. Yente, the goddess, closes the story from high above us, somewhere in the afterlife.

In all, I was moved by the beautiful lacing of Jewish lore and mythology throughout the story. I found Jacob to be repulsive, arrogant, wise, contradictory, and ridiculous. Not much different from today’s cult leaders. He eventually endures that long hard ego death that only the body can devise. Throughout the story we see women who guard the knowledge of paternity, all women guards, Yente who knows all, Hayah the Prophetess who sees all, the holy trinity’s fourth part—the great divine feminine, and so on. I found the magic of the feminine, the resistance to “tradition”, and the movement of a people, to be incredible to read about. 

I understand and sympathize with those who say they couldn’t read past the first half and were confused and lost in the sea of characters, especially when the main characters decide to switch names mid-story. 

A SECRET: There are really only two names to keep up with in the story. Yente, and Jacob. Yente is easy to remember… she is Jacob’s grandmother, and she is also the sky, the wind, the air, and the ether. She is everywhere at all times, at any time, like God. So it’s hard to lose her in the story. Then there’s Jacob. The star upon which all other stars orbit and constellate. If you watch them throughout the pages, all others move around him, forming the loose, lingering, and prescient story arc that only life can form. Everyone else can be identified by their actions.

2023 READS (BOOKLIST)

What an incredible year is has been with my adventures in literature. I went from not reading a complete book in years to reading 30+ whole books in less than a year. Pictured above are THE BOATMAN'S DAUGHTER by ANDY DAVIDSON (★ ★ ★ ★ ★) and MY GOVERNMENT MEANS TO KILL ME by RASHEED NEWSON (★ ★ ★ ★ ★), two amazing books I read this year, but didn't get a chance to review. In descending order, here are all the books I read in 2023:

TRUE EVIL TRILOGY by R. L. STINE (1992) ★ ★ ★

JAZZ by TONI MORRISON (1992) ★ ★ ★ ★

SONG OF SOLOMON by TONI MORRISON (1977) ★ ★ ★ ★ ★

SIDLE CREEK by JOLENE McILWAIN (2023) ★ ★ ★ ★

MUCKROSS ABBEY AND OTHER STORIES by SABINA MURRAY (2023) ★ ★ ★

TEXAS HEAT: AND OTHER STORIES by WILLIAM HARRISON (2023) ★ ★ ★

BOYS IN THE VALLEY by PHILIP FRACASSI (2023) ★ ★ ★ ★ ★

PIRANESI by SUSANNA CLARKE (2023) ★ ★ ★ ★ ★

BARACOON: THE STORY OF THE LAST BLACK CARGO by ZORA NEALE HURSTON (2018) ★ ★ ★ ★ ★

NINETEEN CLAWS AND A BLACKBIRD by AGUSTINA BAZTERRICA (2020) ★ ★

THE VIOLIN CONSPIRACY by BRANDON SLOCUMB (2022) ★ ★ ★ ★

MONSTRILIO by GERARDO SAMANO CORDOVA (2023) ★ ★ ★

THE SHARDS by BRET EASTON ELLIS (2023) ★ ★ ★ ★

HUMAN SACRIFICES by MARIA FERNANDA AMPUERO (2021) ★ ★ ★ ★ ★

DEVIL HOUSE by JOHN DARNIELLE (2022) ★ ★ ★ ★

FLUX by JINWOO CHONG (2023) ★ ★ ★

THE TROOP by NICK CUTTER (2014) ★ ★ ★

MY DARKEST PRAYER by S. A. COSBY (2019) ★ ★ ★ ★

WE HAVE ALWAYS LIVED IN THE CASTLE by SHIRLEY JACKSON (1962) ★ ★ ★ ★

BELOVED by TONI MORRISON (1987) ★ ★ ★ ★ ★

THE HAUNTING OF HILL HOUSE by SHIRLEY JACKSON (1959) ★ ★ ★

THE VANISHING HALF by BRIT BENNETT (2020) ★ ★ ★ ★

DRIVE YOUR PLOW OVER THE BONES OF THE DEAD by OLGA TOKARZUK (2009) ★ ★ ★ ★ ★

THE BURNING GIRLS by C. J. TUDOR (2021) ★ ★ ★

HIDDEN PICTURES by JASON REKULAK (2022) ★ ★ ★

THE BOOKS OF JACOB by OLGA TOKARZUK (2022) ★ ★ ★ ★ ★

THE BOATMAN'S DAUGHTER by ANDY DAVIDSON (2020) ★ ★ ★ ★ ★

SACRIFICIO by ERNESTO MESTRE-REED (2022) ★ ★ ★ ★ ★

SUPERSTITIOUS by R. L. STINE (1995) ★ ★ ★

THE WRONG GIRL by R. L. STINE (2018) ★ ★ ★

MY GOVERNMENT MEANS TO KILL ME by RASHEED NEWSON (2022) ★ ★ ★ ★ ★

BEST BARBARIAN: POEMS by ROGER REEVES (2022) ★ ★ ★

THE THORN PULLER by ITO HIROMI (2007) ★ ★ ★ ★

NOW DO YOU KNOW WHERE YOU ARE by DANA LEVIN (2022) ★ ★ ★

THE HOLLOW KIND by ANDY DAVIDSON (2022) ★ ★ ★ ★

A HOUSE WITH GOOD BONES by T. KINGFISHER (2022) ★ ★

A DELUSION OF SATAN: THE FULL STORY OF THE SALEM WITCH TRIALS by FRANCES HILL (1995) ★ ★ ★ ★

"I am not one to linger in the mirror—I am often disappointed in what I see in the glass...”

Tim McGregor, Eynhallow

THE SALT GROWS HEAVY by CASSANDRA KHAW (REVIEW)

quickly: an everlasting mermaid and her undead companion must defeat a village of evil children and the magicians that control them (why do immortals fall in love? / children of the corn / bad things come in threes / grotesquery and gore galore / men and their ignorance of anything not man / the hunt / taming by mutilation / winter ice on scaled skin / what’s in a heart? / unmasking the wizard / remembering forgotten powers / regenerating lost parts / the essence of a man is a ball of shit in his gut).

What a strange, romantic, bloodthirsty fantasy this was. A sea siren is siphoned from the sea by a Prince, stripped of her teeth, her voice, and forced to be a tradwife. Two daughters are born from this inhumane union of land and sea, and their mother watches expectantly as her daughters devour the Prince’s kingdom bite by bite. Walking over the piles of bodies her daughters have made in their hunger, she finds herself at the beginning of a spectacularly bloody journey where she will fully restore herself, including regrowing her teeth and regaining her voice.

A short read jam-packed with $50 baroque vocabulary words that make the short page count feel heavier than it actually is. In the future, I’d like to return to this book and read it very slowly.

★ ★ ★ / ★

SACRIFICIO by ERNESTO MESTRE-REED (AFTERTHOUGTS)

quickly: a young afro-cuban discovers an underground revolution while investigating the last days of his dead boyfriend ('la revolucion!' won’t die / tourists who won’t leave / sex on the beach / bonfire orgies / little explosions everywhere / the ghost of che guevara / fidel castro as the voice of god / the body is the battleground / the oppressed becoming the oppressor / little brothers following big brothers / individuals finding community / families split by politics / quarantined confinement / dark liquor / kitchens turned into restaurants / HIV as radicalism / radicalism as an artform / queer people in love / men who are afraid to die / cities in the sky).

This is not a review, but I wish it was. Just thoughts as I recollect on the books I've read this year.

This is a book that transformed my views on sex, partnership, and revolution. I read this book in March of 2023 and it is now December. This story (along with THE BOOKS OF JACOB and BELOVED and PIRANESI) has sat with me all year, challenging me to think about who I am in relation to my community, my government, and my body. It has made me think more about what I require (or desire) in a partner, and what I want for the people around me. While reading THE BOOKS OF JACOB, watching LOVE HAS WON: THE CULT OF MOTHER GOD, and simply watching the news, I kept asking myself the same question the book provokes… when do movements become cults? is the oppressed always doomed to become the oppressor? how do you disrupt a negative feedback loop? is it possible to start over and build something totally new?

★ ★ ★ ★ ★

EYNHALLOW by TIM McGREGOR (REVIEW) 

quickly: a late 1700’s irish housewife has her humble island life disrupted by a strange and inimitable scientist from afar, dr. victor frankenstein: (anatomy as an art / unexpected arrivals and departures / empty graves and ocean caves / heartbreaking decision making  / ghosts are just faded memories / mysteries of midwifery / medical malpractice / overly tall people need love too / ogres, trolls, and monsters on the beach / sad sex with your drunk husband vs. empowering sex with a stranger / secrets in a locked room / stories of abandonment / sea salt and stone / telling your true love goodbye / true grief never dies / waiting on lost lovers by the sea).

Meet the overly tall, overly compassionate Agnes. Her father made her denounce her true love because he was poor. Then her evil stepmother orchestrated her marriage to an old man because ‘no one likes overly tall women’. That is how the young Agnes came to be Mrs. Tulloch, the island housewife of the drunkard idiot Mr. Tulloch, who spends his either time beating and berating Agnes, or trying to spoil her with more children.

Island life is hard. The wind blows cold, so Agnes keeps the hearth fire burning. Meals are often meager, but Agnes keeps the pot full (with four children and an oaf of a husband, mind you). She goes to church on Sunday, and she tends to her pregnant best friend Katie when she has the time. Her skill for keeping houses warm and fed (as well as being the only woman on the island not pregnant or elderly) makes her the prime candidate as a temporary cook for the strange new scientist conducting odd experiments on the island. One bowl of stew leads to another, and soon Mrs. Tulloch is entangled in the dark world of Dr. Frankenstein’s experiments.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ Delightful!

This was such a DELIGHTFUL well-paced period-piece horror story, at only 174 pages, with overtones of romance, sci-fi, and mystery. It was part fable, part wormhole transporting me to a misty brackish island at a time and place far out of reach. Not to mention, the writing was full of charming 1700's-1800's slang. Agnes, our kind host, is warm and benevolent, reminiscent of the Beloved Piranesi. Unlike Piranesi however, her curtailment by men’s expectations will reach its limits. Her wrath will be the result of an irreversible change in her compassionate nature, and it will lead to irreversible changes to the island community itself.