I Had No Fucking Clue What This Meant On My Last Reread And I Have No Fucking Clue What It Means Now.

‘You are the historian. You will witness events, not participate’

So normal about this line being said to the doctor in particular

the whole severance process and its subsequent success being manufactured from and built upon the labour and suffering of two women. one a child who designed severance to cope with the reality of the world she was forced into, and one being a woman of colour who was kidnapped and turned into a toy to be used at the whims of a white man. and you all wanted to know why ms huang is a child. well here is your answer. a teenage girl of colour currently under the same scholarship as cobel happily and matter-of-factly carrying out the subjugation of people who only exist because of what lumon exploited out of people like her. lumon having entire institutions dedicated to the continued indoctrination of vulnerable children. lumon systematically ensuring any amount of class or race consciousness or solidarity between their subjects is impossible by having them carry out each other's exploitation on their behalf. the innies just being a new rung at the bottom of the ladder whom the disenfranchised and marginalised can feel empowerment in stepping over. and ms huang is just the next in a long, long line of victims

No looking back, Jonny boy

it's crazy to realise that Tyrion is just 3 years older than Viserys. Those two could have been toddling together.

I’m positive the only reason those fans didn’t say heaven sent was their favorite episode is because they don’t want to admit to someone that the time they were tortured for 2 billion years was incredibly entertaining.

This scene, known as Lynds 483, will continue to change over millions of years. Today, we have the clearest view of it yet, thanks to the James Webb Space Telescope.

Two forming stars that fit into one pixel, hidden in a tiny, opaque disk of dust at the center, are responsible for sending out the jets and outflows that are represented in vibrant pink, purple, and blue hues.

Webb also shows us dust in unexpected places. Look along the edges of the semi-transparent cones. Distant stars look orange here, not white. This is because there’s additional dust around Lynds 483. Where the view is free of obscuring dust, stars shine brightly in white and blue.

Millions of years from now, when the stars are finished forming, they may each be about the mass of our sun. Their outflows will have cleared the area—sweeping away these semi-transparent ejections. All that may remain is a tiny disk of gas and dust where planets may eventually form.

Explore all the details of this Webb image: https://webbtelescope.pub/4h538oK

jeanscottwarren as challengers

Unexpected complex chemistry in primordial galaxy

University of Arizona astronomers have learned more about a surprisingly mature galaxy that existed when the universe was just less than 300 million years old – just 2% of its current age.

Observed by NASA's James Webb Space Telescope, the galaxy – designated JADES-GS-z14-0 – is unexpectedly bright and chemically complex for an object from this primordial era, the researchers said. This provides a rare glimpse into the universe's earliest chapter.

The findings, published in the journal Nature Astronomy, build upon the researchers' previous discovery, reported in 2024, of JADES-GS-z14-0 as the most distant galaxy ever observed. While the initial discovery established the galaxy's record-breaking distance and unexpected brightness, this new research delves deeper into its chemical composition and evolutionary state.

The work was done as part of the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey, or JADES, a major James Webb Space Telescope program designed to study distant galaxies.

This wasn't simply stumbling upon something unexpected, said Kevin Hainline, co-author of the new study and an associate research professor at the U of A Steward Observatory. The survey was deliberately designed to find distant galaxies, but this one broke the team's records in ways they didn't anticipate – it was intrinsically bright and had a complex chemical composition that was totally unexpected so early in the universe's history.

"It's not just a tiny little nugget. It's bright and fairly extended for the age of the universe when we observed it," Hainline said.

"The fact that we found this galaxy in a tiny region of the sky means that there should be more of these out there," said lead study author Jakob Helton, a graduate researcher at Steward Observatory. "If we looked at the whole sky, which we can't do with JWST, we would eventually find more of these extreme objects."

The research team used multiple instruments on board JWST, including the Near Infrared Camera, or NIRCam, whose construction was led by U of A Regents Professor of Astronomy Marcia Rieke. Another instrument on the telescope – the Mid-Infrared Instrument, or MIRI, revealed something extraordinary: significant amounts of oxygen.

In astronomy, anything heavier than helium is considered a "metal," Helton said. Such metals require generations of stars to produce. The early universe contained only hydrogen, helium and trace amounts of lithium. But the discovery of substantial oxygen in the JADES-GS-z14-0 galaxy suggests the galaxy had been forming stars for potentially 100 million years before it was observed.

To make oxygen, the galaxy must have started out very early on, because it would have had to form a generation of stars, said George Rieke, Regents Professor of Astronomy and the study's senior author. Those stars must have evolved and exploded as supernovae to release oxygen into interstellar space, from which new stars would form and evolve.

"It's a very complicated cycle to get as much oxygen as this galaxy has. So, it is genuinely mind boggling," Rieke said.

The finding suggests that star formation began even earlier than scientists previously thought, which pushes back the timeline for when the first galaxies could have formed after the Big Bang.

The observation required approximately nine days of telescope time, including 167 hours of NIRCam imaging and 43 hours of MIRI imaging, focused on an incredibly small portion of the sky.

The U of A astronomers were lucky that this galaxy happened to sit in the perfect spot for them to observe with MIRI. If they had pointed the telescope just a fraction of a degree in any direction, they would have missed getting this crucial mid-infrared data, Helton said.

"Imagine a grain of sand at the end of your arm. You see how large it is on the sky – that's how large we looked at," Helton said.

The existence of such a developed galaxy so early in cosmic history serves as a powerful test case for theoretical models of galaxy formation.

"Our involvement here is a product of the U of A leading in infrared astronomy since the mid-'60s, when it first started. We had the first major infrared astronomy group over in the Lunar and Planetary lab, with Gerard Kuiper, Frank Low and Harold Johnson," Rieke said.

As humans gain the ability to directly observe and understand galaxies that existed during the universe's infancy, it can provide crucial insights into how the universe evolved from simple elements to the complex chemistry necessary for life as we know it.

"We're in an incredible time in astronomy history," Hainline said. "We're able to understand galaxies that are well beyond anything humans have ever found and see them in many different ways and really understand them. That's really magic."

TOP IMAGE: This infrared image from NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope was taken by the onboard Near-Infrared Camera for the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey, or JADES, program. The NIRCam data was used to determine which galaxies to study further with spectroscopic observations. One such galaxy, JADES-GS-z14-0 (shown in the pullout), was determined to be at a redshift of 14.3, making it the current record-holder for most distant known galaxy. This corresponds to a time less than 300 million years after the big bang.  NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Brant Robertson (UC Santa Cruz), Ben Johnson (CfA), Sandro Tacchella (Cambridge), Marcia Rieke (University of Arizona), Daniel Eisenstein (CfA), Phill Cargile (CfA)

LOWER IMAGE: Timeline of the universe: Although we are not sure exactly when the first stars began to shine, we know that they must have formed sometime after the era of Recombination, when hydrogen and helium atoms formed (380,000 years after the big bang), and before the oldest-known galaxies existed (400 million years after the big bang). The ultraviolet light emitted by the first stars broke down the neutral hydrogen gas filling the universe into hydrogen ions and free electrons, initiating the era of Reionization and the end of the Dark Ages of the universe.  NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI

Sometimes I forget that not everyone processes Dark the way I do. And by that I mean taking for granted that when Tannhaus speaks to Jonas he's actually talking to a reincarnated version of his daughter in law. The whole Jonas=Sonja and Martha=Marek thing has become so strongly rooted into my understanding of this series that sometimes I just need to take a step back and realise that a very good portion of the people who have watched Dark probably aren't even aware of this aspect. Or at least they don't consider it. But still, like.

wdym you didn't know that Sonja is an anagram of Jonas-

It's just odd for me I guess. It occupies an enormous portion of my mind when it comes to thinking about the series as a whole but in reality it's shown in like half an episode. And it's not really confirmed so it's regarded as a theory, although that hasn't stopped me from always just interpreting it as plain canon.

Yeah talk about this miserable,hot devils

SEVERANCE-HELLY R / HELENA EAGAN

DARK-JONAS KAHNWALD / STRANGER